An elbow dislocation occurs when the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) move out of their normal position in relation to the upper arm bone (humerus). It is one of the most common types of joint dislocations after the shoulder and can range from simple (without bone fracture) to complex (with associated fractures or ligament damage).

1.Simple Dislocation – bones are displaced but there are no fractures.

2.Complex Dislocation – bones are displaced along with fractures around the elbow joint.

3.Partial (Subluxation) – bones are partially out of alignment but not fully dislocated.

4.Complete Dislocation – bones are completely out of their normal position.

Falling on an outstretched hand

Sports injuries (especially in gymnastics, football, or wrestling)

Direct trauma, such as a car or bike accident

Sudden twisting of the arm

Severe pain around the elbow

Visible deformity or abnormal positioning of the elbow

Swelling and bruising

Inability to bend or straighten the arm

Numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers (if nerves are affected)

Closed Reduction – gently repositioning the bones back into place

Immobilization with a splint or sling for a short period

Pain relief medication

Physiotherapy after healing to restore motion and strength

Surgery may be required if there are fractures, torn ligaments, or if the dislocation is unstable.

Procedures may include internal fixation with screws/plates or ligament repair/reconstruction.

Simple dislocations may heal within 3–6 weeks with proper care.

Complex dislocations may take several months for complete recovery.

Early physiotherapy is crucial to prevent stiffness and regain elbow mobility.

Stiffness and limited range of motion

Recurrent dislocations (instability)

Nerve or blood vessel injury

Post-traumatic arthritis